Transnasal flexible bronchoscopic implantation of a nickel titanium (NiTi) bronchial occlusive device for a bronchobiliary fistula.

and its management can be challenging [1,2]. Although conventional surgical repair is effective, it is a complicated and traumatic procedure [3,4]. To overcome this difficulty, we have developed a set of nickel titanium (NiTi) bronchial occlusive implantation devices and we have successfully implanted one device in a patient with a BBF. A 60-year-old woman presented with recurring cough and expectoration of bilelike yellow phlegm since 3 years. She had undergone lithotomy with cholecystostomy, lithotomy with left hepatic duct drainage, and common bile duct drainage 3 years ago in a local hospital because of cholelithiasis. She had developed fever and cough after the surgery, and coughed up 100–200mL of bitter, bilelike yellow phlegm daily. Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) findings confirmed the diagnosis of BBF (●" Fig. 1). Bronchoscopic examination revealed continuous oozing of bile from the median bronchial segment of the right middle lobe (●" Fig. 2). Surgical treatment was declined due to her physical status. So we decided to occlude the bronchobiliary fistula with a dumbbell-shaped NiTi bronchial occlusive device (●" Fig. 3). We chose a 5mm (length) × 4mm (diameter) device based on the size of the target bronchus of occlusion. It was implanted in the target zone successfully through the bronchoscope in one attempt. Expectoration of the bilelike phlegm ceased 7 days later. Radiographic examinations at day 1, 7, and 30 showed the occlusive device in place and gradually expanding to its full size (●" Fig. 4). Bronchoscopy showed the device to be completely covered by granulation and epithelial tissues by postoperative day 30 (●" Fig. 5). No displacement or dislodgment of the occlusive devicewas observed in the 3-year follow-up period and the symptoms of BBF disappeared completely. This case demonstrates that manipulation and placement of the NiTi occlusive implantation system is easy, with good Transnasal flexible bronchoscopic implantation of a nickel titanium (NiTi) bronchial occlusive device for a bronchobiliary fistula